BEANS FRENCH BEAN (Phaseolus vuigaris L)

Climate French Beans can be grown throughout the year in cold temperature regions. It is sensitive to both frost and very high temperatures. It is mostly grown in winter in our State. Season October to January In hilly regions: March to May. Soils Beans are grown on all types of soils from light sandy to heavy clay. Fertile loamy soils are preferred. Varieties CONTENDER Crops early in 50-55 days, bushy habit, Flower color pale purple turning white, bears profusely, pods round and thick dark green, stringless, long curved at the tip. Some pods may become purple or bear purple streaks as they mature. Seeds light brown comparatively resistant to mosaic and powdery mildew. BOUNTFUL Heavy yielder, fleshy-walled pods with less fibre. Crops early, pods, are green in color. ARKA KOMAL Released by IIHR. It is an early variety bushy habit, bears profusely. Pods are straight, tender fleshy, dark green, stringless excellent for transplantation, yields 18-20 tons/ha. PUSA PARVATHI It is mutant variety released by IARI. Pods are fleshly dark green . Early variety with light cream colored seeds. PREMIER Early Variety Crops in about 45-50 days. Bushy in habit . Fruits are flat, fleshy, light green in color. Seeds are dark brown in color. Seeds and Sowing About 25 to 30 kg of seed is required per hectare. Plough the land thoroughly to a fine tilth. The seeds are dibbled on the ridges at a distance of 30-35 cm between the row and 25 -30cm with in the rows i.e. from plant to plant, see that the soil should have optimum moisture content at the time of sowing of seeds. Manures and Fertilizers Apply 20-25 tons of farmyard manure per hectare and incorporate and incorporate it in the soil and then apply 20kg Nitrogen; 50kg P2O5 and 50 kg K2o per hectare in the last ploughing, one week earlier Before dibbling of the seeds. Inoculation If beans are being sown in a field for the first time, it is advisable to inoculate the seed with nitrogen fixing bacteria before sowing. This helps in pick nodulation on the roots and fixes the atmospheric nitrogen. Intercultivation: There should not be any weeds in the field . 1 or 2 hand hoeings are necessary to control the weeds. di-nitro materials are sprayed on the soil at 5 - 8 k.g per hectare before flowering . Irrigation: Irragate the crop when the top soil goes dry up to a depth of 5 - 8 cm. The plants shallow-rooted and sensitive to excess watering . Good crops can be produced with little moisture applied during the season. Application of water just prior to blooming; however, help in setting pods and another irrigation should be given soon after pod set. An additional irrigation is given when needed . It is essential to maintain required soil moisture above 50 per cent during flowering and pod development stage. Plant protection: Major insects Agronnomyzid fly Aphid, Mites, and Pod borer. Major diseases: Yellow mosaic Anthracnose,Phytopthora pod rot , Rust and Angular leaf spot. Spray Schedule Spray the crop with 5 ml phosphomidon or 17 ml dimethoate or 17ml Oxydemeton methyl or monocrotophos with 30g copper oxychloride or 27 g difoltan in 10 litres of water 2 weeks after sowing. Use 360 litres of spray mixture per hectare. Repeat the same spray 5 weeks after sowing. Use about 450 litres of spray mixture per hectare. Spray the crop with 30 g copper oxychloride or 27g. Difoltan in 10 of litres of water, 7 weeks, after sowing. Use 540 litres of spray mixture per hectare. Spray the crop with 40g carbaryl or 20ml malathion or 10ml methyl parathion in 10 litres of water if pod borer damage is noticed. Use 540 litres of spray mixture per hectare. Harvesting Green pods are usually harvested before they are fully grown and while the seeds are tender. Pods are usually ready for harvest 2-3 weeks after the first blossom. Yield of green pods varies from 6-8 tons/ha COMMON BEAN (Dolichos lablab L.) The common bean is one of the most ancient among the cultivated plants. This bean is used both as green pods and dry beans as a pulse crop. Varieties There are two types of common beans, the bushy field type and the twining-pole garden type. There is a great range of varieties with different plants and pod characters grown all over the country. Garden Type PUSA EARLY PROLIFIC A vine variety, bears early , long and thin pods in bunches. Suitable for both early-spring and autumn crops. BUSHY TYPE CO-8 It is a short duration (115-120 days) variety, comes to flowering in 45 days. It bears tender pods which are fleshy and tasty with no odour. The pods are long , short beaked, tubular, non-septate, slightly curved. Average yield is 45q/ha. CO-9 It is a compact, bushy variety. Pods are light green, fleshy, flat and 8-9 cm long. Seeds are bold and chocolate colored, Average yield is 75 q/ha. CO-10 It is a bushy ,erect and photo insensitive variety. It comes to flowering in 40days.Pods are greenish, white, tubular, and curved. Average yield is 72 q/ha. Besides the above, several local varieties like Bhadrachalam variety, Rajolu Chikkudu, Balalji Bean etc, are commonly grown in our State. FIELD BEAN Sowing Time Sowing is usually done with the onset of south west monsoon in July-July. Seed rate 45-60 g/ha. Of seed is used for drilling depending on the type of crop grown. Spacing Pure crop 60x15 cm. Mixed crop 90x15 cm. When it is sown as a mixed crop in sorghum or bajra, it is drilled at regular intervals of two rows and when the ear heads of cereals are cut, late as the bean is, it twines on the sorghum/bajra stalks, flowers profusely in Novmber-December and gives a crop both green and dry. Harvesting The pods are harvested in January-February at 7-10 days intervals for green pods seed or dry seed the pods are left till maturity and thrshed to gather seed .It vines when cut with sorghum/bajra straw gives a mixed feed of good fodder value. Yield The yield of dry seed varies between 200-500 kg/ha. Depending on mixed or pure crop. GARDEN BEAN Sowing Time June-July is the best period. Seed rate 5-7 kg/ha. Spacing 2mx2m. Seeds are sown in circular pits of 0.5 m cube , two to three seeds are dibbled in each pit. Since the cultivated strains are vine types, they need to be trained on trallies. Manures and Fertilizers The soil in the pits are mixed with 10-15 kg of FYM and 0.2 kg of super phosphate in each pit at the time of flowering and irrigate. Harvesting The vines come to flowering in November-December three to four weeks after flowering the tender pods are picked for vegetable purpose, at regular intervals of 7-10 days. The pickings may continue up to end of March. Plant Protection Same as in french bean. Yield 50-75 q/ha.