rice-BPH

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Select Pest Name	--(Select Pest)--Brown plant hopper - Nilaparavata lugensGall midge - Orseolia oryzaeGrasshopper - Oxya nitidulaGreen leafhopper - Nepotettix nigropictus, N.cincticeps, N.virescensHispa - Dicladispa armigeraLeaf folder - Cnaphalocrocis medinalisMealy bug - Brevennia rehiRice black bug - Scotinophara luridaRice case worm - Parapoynx stagnalisRice earhead bug - Leptocorisa acutaRoot weevil - Echinocnemus oryzaeSwarming caterpillar - Spodoptera mauritiaThrips - Stenchetothrips biformisWhite leaf hopper - Cofana spectraWhorl maggot - Hydrellia sasakiiYellow stem borer - Scirpophaga incertulasZig zag leafhopper - Recilia dorsalis
Select Pest Parameter	--(Select Parameter)--BiologyDescription of the pestDestructive stageDistributionETLHostManagementNatural EnemySymptomsAll Parameters

Rice (Oryza sativa) Pest Management Distribution Orissa, Kerala, Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Punjab. Host Leersia hexandra. Destructive stage Nymph and adult. Description of the pest Eggs are covered by the dome shaped egg plug secreted by the female. Only the tip of the eggs protrude from outside. The newly hatched nymph is cottony white and turns purple brown within an hour. The nymphs are white to strongly mottled dark grey or black and white in colour. The brown plant hopper has a brown body and chestnut brown eyes. Adult measures about 4 - 4.5 mm in length. It can fly a long distance drifting with the wind. Adults are of two forms viz., Macropterous (long winged) and brachypterous (truncate winged). Biology The brachypterous female makes an incision in the leaf sheath and inserts 200-300 small eggs. Egg period is 6 days; Nymphal period is 15 days. Adult longevity is 18-20 days. Symptoms Nymphs and adults congregate at the base of the plant above the water level and suck the sap from the tillers. The affected plant dries up and gives a scorched appearance called “hopper burn”. Circular patches of drying and lodging of matured plant are typical symptoms caused by this pest. It is vector of grassy stunt, ragged stunt and wilted stunt diseases. ETL 10 insects per hill at vegetative stage or 20 insects /hill at later stages. Management Use resistant varieties like Aruna, Karnataka, Karthika, Krishnaveni, Makon, Abhay, Asha, Divya, Py 3, Co 42, Ptb 33 and Ptb 21. Avoid close planting and provide 30 cm rogue spacing at every 2.5 m to reduce the pest incidence. Avoid use of excessive nitrogenous fertilizers. Control irrigation by intermittent draining. Set up light traps to monitor pest population and to control. Release of natural enemies like Lycosa pseudoannulata, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis. Avoid use of insecticides causing resurgence such as synthetic pyrethroids, methyl parathion, fenthion and quinalphos. Drain the water before the use of insecticides and direct the spray towards the base of the plants. Spray methyl demeton 25 EC 1000 ml (or) acephate 75 SP 625 gm (or) chlorpyriphos 25 EC 1250 ml (or) dichlorvos 76 WSC 350 ml/ha. Spray neem seed kernel extract 5% (25 kg/ha) (or) neem oil 2% (10 l/ha). Natural Enemy Egg parasitoids: Anagrus sp, Gonatocerus sp., Oligosita spp ., Nymphal/adult parasitoids: Haplogonatopus sp., Ecthrodelphax fairchildii., Elenchus sp (Sterpsiptera), Hexamermis sp (Mermithid). Predators:Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, Coccinella arcuata, Micraspis sp., Harmonia ctomaculata, C.rependa, Menochilus sexmaculatus, Brumoides suturalis, Microvelia douglasi atrolineata, Pseudogonatopus sp., Ophionea nigrofasciata, Lycosa pseudoannulata, Tetragnatha maxillosa, Argiope sp, Araneus sp, Oxyopes sp., Atypena formosana., Conocephalus longipennis, Agriocnemis pygmaea. Pathogens: Entomophthora spp, Fusarium sp., Fusarium oxysporum, Metarhizium spp, Beauveria bassiana, B.brongniartii.